This book presents the theory and concepts of Signals and Systems through analytical examples in a simple and lucid manner. This book is suitable for a one-semester undergraduate level course in Signals and Systems, for students in Electronics and Communication, Electrical and Electronics and Computer Engineering programs as well as Information Technology. The book is also valuable for post-graduate students and practicing engineers for reviewing the basics of signals and systems.

Contents
1. Overview of Signals and Systems

Learning Goals

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Signals

1.3 Systems

1.4 Classification of Signals

1.5 Classification of Systems

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

2. Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals

Learning Goals

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Signal Operations

2.3 Basic Signals

2.4 Classification of Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

3. Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Systems

Learning Goals

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Interconnection of Systems

3.3 Properties of Systems

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

4. Linear Time-Invariant Systems

Learning Goals

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Response of DT-LTI Systems: The Convolution Sum

4.3 Response of a CT LTI Systems: The Convolution Integral

4.4 Properties of LTI Systems

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

5. Fourier Analysis of Continuous-Time Signals and Systems

Learning Goals

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Response of LTI Systems to Complex Exponentials

5.3 Fourier Representations for Four Types of Signals

5.4 Fourier Series Representation of CT Periodic Signals: CTFS

5.5 Magnitude and Phase Spectra of a Periodic Signal

5.6 Determining the Fourier Series Coefficients ak: CTFS Analysis Equation

5.7 Convergence of Continuous-Time Fourier Series

5.8 Gibbs Phenomenon

5.9 Properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series

5.10 Application of Fourier Series

5.11 Representation of Continuous-Time Aperiodic Signals: CTFT

5.12 Convergence of Continuous-Time Fourier Transform

5.13 Fourier Transform for Periodic Signals

5.14 Properties of CTFT

5.15 LTI CT Systems Characterized by Linear Constant Coefficient Differential Equations

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

6. Sampling

Learning Goals

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Representation of a Continuous-Time Signal by Its Samples

6.3 Impulse Train Sampling

6.4 Zero-Order Hold Sampling

6.5 Relationship Between Analog Frequency (W) and Digital Frequency (w)

6.6 Quantization

6.7 Encoding of Quantized Samples

6.8 A Complete DSP System

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

7. Fourier Analysis of Discrete-Time Signals and Systems

Learning Goals

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Response of DT-LTI Systems to Complex Exponentials

7.3 Fourier Series Representation of Discrete-Time Periodic Signals: DTFS

7.4 Magnitude and Phase Spectrum of a DT Periodic Signal

7.5 Determining the Fourier Series Coefficients ak: DTFS Analysis Equation

7.6 Convergence Issues in Discrete-Time Fourier Series

7.7 Properties of Discrete-Time Fourier Series

7.8 Application of Discrete-Time Fourier Series 3

7.9 Representation of Discrete-Time Aperiodic Signals: DTFT

7.10 Convergence of Discrete-Time Fourier Transform

7.11 Fourier Transform for Periodic Signals

7.12 Properties of DTFT

7.13 DT LTI Systems Characterized by Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equations

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

8. Laplace Transform

Learning Goals

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Laplace Transform

8.3 Relation Between CTFT and Laplace Transform

8.4 Properties of the ROC for Laplace Transform

8.5 Properties of Laplace Transform

8.6 Inverse Laplace Transform

8.7 Analysis of CT LTI Systems Using Laplace Transform

8.8 Solving Differential Equations by Using Laplace Transform

8.9 Unilateral Laplace Transform

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

9. z-Transform

Learning Goals

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The z-Transform

9.3 z-Transform and ROC of Finite-Duration Sequences

9.4 z-Transform and ROC of Infinite-Duration Sequences

9.5 Relationship Between Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) and z-Transform

9.6 Properties of the Region of Convergence

9.7 Properties of z-Transform

9.8 Inverse z-Transform

9.9 Analysis of DT LTI Systems Using z-Transform

9.10 Unilateral z-Transform

Summary

Problems

Multiple-Choice Questions

Appendix A: MATLAB

Appendix B: Useful Mathematical Relations

References

Index